How Your Immune System Can Impact Your Behavior



Our immune system is a powerful force inside each one of us!  This protective system is charged with the job of responding to foreign invaders to keep us in optimal health.  Most of us don’t think too much about this system until it is not working correctly.  I treat many patients that suffer from overactive or under-active immune systems due to chronic infections, like tick-borne diseases;  toxic exposures, like mold and mycotoxins; or autoimmune diseases, like multiple sclerosis, lupus or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.  Although many patients understand the important role of the immune system in protection and defense, few people know that it also controls our behavior.  A recent study in Nature discussed the role of cytokines activated when the immune system goes on red alert and the connection to social isolation and autistic behaviors.  It’s even plausible that changes in immune function may lead to personality changes!

Interferon-Gamma:  a Key Immune Signal

One of the key molecules is interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secreted by activated white blood cells of the immune system.  Once this molecule crosses into the brian it inhibits the neurons in the pre-frontal cortex.  If the pre-frontal cortex is inhibited, the patient actually becomes more social. So if the immune system is activated, a person may feel more social.   However, in a patient with an immune deficiency we may see the opposite effect, more isolation and  antisocial behavior.  This new data suggests that an impaired immune system may contribute to numerous neuropsychiatric conditions.  It may contribute to isolation or depression when someone is sick and the immune system is not functioning properly.  As we learn more it may help us to understand the difficulties faced by those with immune dysfunction due to chronic infection or toxic mold exposure.  It may even lead to changes in the relationships to people closest to us, such as our friends, children and spouse if they do not understand the effect of the illness on your decreased desire for social interactions.

Inflammatory Cytokines and the Brain

A recent article about inflammatory cytokines and brain signaling discussed inflammation and the brain:
When considering the pathological signaling cascades in immunological disorders of the brain, certain cytokines might be considered of key importance, with their presence determining the course of a particular disease. Interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-17, and TNFα are critical for the pathogenesis of inflammation in certain brain disorders. Targeting these cytokines or their receptors can alter the course of several neurological diseases, but the effects may be beneficial or harmful.
We understand from this article that the inflammatory signals of the immune system (cytokines) have a profound effect on the brain.  Many patients battling systemic inflammatory or autoimmune disorders suffer from an “inflamed brain” and all that goes with it… symptoms like depression, anxiety and insomnia.  The role of cytokines on behavior can be summarized by saying that TNFα (sickness and depression) and IL-1β (sickness) alter behavior by direct actions on neurons of the brain.

Gaba may affect the immune system too…

GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, has a similar inhibitory effect on the immune system. Antigen presenting cells (APCs) of the immune system have gaba receptors and therefore, gaba can directly inhibit the function of these immune cells. What this means is this neurotransmitter from the brain may have a direct inhibitory effect on the body’s immune system.  This article on Gaba and the immune system states….
Intricate and reciprocal regulatory relationships exist between the nervous system and the immune system, mediated in part by chemical messengers, like Gaba. This has been clearly demonstrated for the central nervous system through the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis.


Insults to the body, from the outside or from the inside, activate cells of the innate immune system. The immune response transmits this information to the brain to cause physiological and behavioral responses. A mild inflammatory response – such as a low-grade infection, trauma (such as dropping a weight on one’s foot) or even strenuous exercise – results in reversible consequences as they are a result of altered cellular (neuron) function. A severe response induces often irreversible consequences as a result of cell death. In either case, the causal event is initiated by monocytic and dendritic cells with the initiation of an inflammatory response.

Sickness and Depression

Perhaps no connection has been more studied than that of immune activation and inflammation and the link to depression.  Systemic infections cause the patient to allocate limited resources, conserve energy and prevent spread of infection.  The resulting sickness behavior is common to most infections, including viruses, bacteria and multi-cellular parasitic infections.  There is a broad spectrum of symptoms – fever, nausea, decreased appetite, malaise, fatigue and achiness – all of which may aid in the fight to conserve resources and increase isolation-type behavior.  In animal models we see sickness associated with a decrease in time  seeking interaction with a other animals as a result of diminished motivation for social exploration.  Symptoms of depression appear after pro-inflammatory cytokines are produced by the body or if they are administered experimentally. The fact that inflammation often leads to later depression suggests a cause–effect relationship.  It indicates that immune activation can precipitate depression. Many symptoms of inflammation-induced depression overlap with sickness behaviors, including fatigue, changes in sleep pattern, lack of interest in daily or pleasurable activities (anhedonia), changes in appetite or body mass and unexplained aches and pains
(1) Independent of the type of infection, the inflammatory response may cause behavioral changes.
(2) Pro-inflammatory cytokine expression is a precursor for behavioral changes.
(3) Behavior is controlled by neuronal function.  Behavioral changes associated with infection are a result of inflammatory cytokine interaction with neurons.


Are You Ready For The Lifestyle You Deserve?

We are offering a discounted consultation fee with the mention of this post to FaceBook. Please call us today to find out more 321-783-1930 
299 N. Orlando Ave.
Cocoa Beach, Fl. 32931



Location: 299 N Orlando Ave, Cocoa Beach, FL 32931, USA

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

5 Explanations Of Lupus And Hashimoto’s Co-existence

Image
According to estimates, about 6% of patients with lupus also have hypothyroidism and 1% hyperthyroidism. Hashimoto’s disease is the most common form of hypothyroidism in patients with lupus. This finding doesn’t come as a surprise because both conditions are autoimmune diseases with a common etiology. Lupus is a systemic autoimmune disease that can target almost any part of the body, especially the joints, lungs, heart, skin, blood, kidneys and brain. In Hashimoto’s the immune system attacks only the thyroid, however a lack of thyroid hormones can affect all bodily functions and any organs. As a result when lupus and a thyroid disease coexist it can have a much bigger negative impact on your body. Many symptoms of both disorders can overlap and drive each other making the diagnosis and treatment even more difficult. It can take years for Hashimoto’s disease and lupus to develop and progress to the stage when a person can be diagnosed with a standard testing. This can lea
Read more

Gluten, Grains, Legumes and Autoimmune Disease

Image
Prominently situated at the base of the food pyramid, grains are promoted as the fiber-rich foundation of a healthy diet. But are grains really a necessary part of your diet, or can they in fact be harmful? If you have an  autoimmune disease , you may already be aware of the fact that gluten, the protein in wheat that gives bread its sticky, doughy texture, is an inflammatory substance. However, wheat is not unique. Many of the plants that we consume contain similar proteins that will increase inflammation in your body and contribute to a  leaky gut . Although most people benefit from avoiding foods such as grains, pseudograins, legumes, and nightshades, I recommend for those with an autoimmune disease to omit these foods from their diets, at least until their inflammation has subsided and their gut has healed. Food Sensitivity  Testing is the best course of action to determine whether or not these foods will continue to be a problem in the future. In order to better understan
Read more

How The Gut Microbiome Influences Autoimmunity

Image
I like to think of the gut microbiome as a rainforest. In a rainforest, many types of plants live together in a symbiotic ecosystem but if the balance gets disrupted, the good or beneficial plants begin to die and the bad ones start to take over. This also happens in your gut– even just one dose of antibiotics can throw off the balance of the good bacteria that used to keep your immune system running optimally. The good gets killed or greatly reduced, and the bad bacteria (SIBO) and yeast (Candida) that used to be kept in check can take over and grow out of control. Additionally, if you’re eating a diet high in refined carbohydrate, sugar and alcohol then you will feed the SIBO and yeast ( Candida ), letting them grow even more out of control and this is called dysbiosis. Certain medications such as antibiotics, acid blocking drugs, birth control pills and steroid can also cause further dysbiosis. As the dysbiosis gets more out of control it can cause a suppression in your immune
Read more